
Looking for the Leave No Trace principles in English and Spanish? This bilingual guide covers all seven principles with accurate Spanish terminology, field notes from eighteen years of leading youth outdoor trips, and vocabulary notes for bilingual outdoor educators and Spanish-speaking hikers.
The first time my wife and I handed each of our kids their own small collapsible shovel and explained what it was for, they were young enough that the whole concept struck them as both disgusting and deeply amusing. We assembled little kits together as a family — shovel, toilet paper, hand sanitizer, and a small bag to pack out the wipes — and walked them through the cathole protocol: six inches deep, two hundred feet from water, trail, or camp, cover and disguise when done. It was one of the more memorable outdoor education moments of our family backpacking years.
Years later, leading a youth group up Mt. Adams in Washington State, I encountered Leave No Trace taken to its logical extreme: above a certain elevation on the mountain, catholes aren’t permitted at all. You carry scat bags — literally packing out human waste off the mountain. When I explained this to the group, the reaction was about what you’d expect from teenagers. But they did it, and they understood why: some environments are too fragile even for burial. The wilderness doesn’t negotiate.
That progression — from backyard camping to alpine waste management — is what Leave No Trace actually looks like in practice. It’s not a bumper sticker. It’s a discipline that scales with the terrain.
The Seven Principles: Bilingual Quick Reference / Los Siete Principios: Referencia Rápida Bilingüe
| # | English | Español (Sin Dejar Huellas) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Plan Ahead and Prepare | Planifique y prepárese con anticipación |
| 2 | Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces | Viaje y acampe sobre superficies resistentes |
| 3 | Dispose of Waste Properly | Deseche los residuos de forma adecuada |
| 4 | Leave What You Find | Deje lo que encuentre |
| 5 | Minimize Campfire Impacts | Minimice el impacto de las fogatas |
| 6 | Respect Wildlife | Respete la vida silvestre |
| 7 | Be Considerate of Other Visitors | Sea considerado con los demás visitantes |
Spanish terminology follows the official branding of Leave No Trace / Sin Dejar Huellas. For more information, visit lnt.org/espanol.
The Seven Principles: Field Notes in English
Leave No Trace was developed by the U.S. Forest Service in partnership with the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) and formalized into its current seven-principle framework in the 1990s. It is now the standard ethical framework for outdoor recreation in the United States and increasingly adopted across Latin America’s growing outdoor community.
1. Plan Ahead and Prepare — Planifique y prepárese con anticipación
Good Leave No Trace practice begins before you leave the trailhead. Researching regulations, knowing the terrain, understanding weather patterns, and traveling in small groups all reduce both safety risk and environmental impact. On every youth trip I led — whether a weekend in the Cascades or an outing in Puerto Rico — pre-trip planning was where LNT education actually started. Kids who understood why we had fire restrictions or group size limits followed them willingly. Kids who didn’t had to be managed.
Key Spanish vocabulary: planificación previa (advance planning), preparación (preparation), regulaciones del área (area regulations), condiciones meteorológicas (weather conditions), tamaño del grupo (group size), mapa topográfico (topographic map).
2. Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces — Viaje y acampe sobre superficies resistentes
Stick to established trails and designated campsites. Where no trail exists, spread out across rock, gravel, dry grass, or snow — surfaces that can absorb impact. The single most damaging thing a group can do is follow each other in a line across fragile vegetation, creating a new social trail that erodes within a season. Above treeline, this principle becomes critical: alpine meadows and tundra can take decades to recover from a single boot path.
Key Spanish vocabulary: sendero establecido (established trail), zona de acampada designada (designated campsite), superficie resistente (durable surface), vegetación frágil (fragile vegetation), sendero no oficial (social trail / unofficial trail), erosión (erosion), zona alpina (alpine zone).
3. Dispose of Waste Properly — Deseche los residuos de forma adecuada
Pack it in, pack it out. All trash, food scraps, and micro-trash — bottle caps, twist ties, crumbs — leave with you. For human waste, the cathole is the backcountry standard: six inches deep, two hundred feet (sixty meters) from water, trails, and camp. Cover and disguise. Toilet paper either burns completely or gets packed out in a sealed bag — never buried, where it persists for years.
Above certain elevations on peaks like Mt. Adams in Washington, even catholes aren’t sufficient. The U.S. Forest Service requires that all climbers above 7,000 feet on Mt. Adams pack out all human waste — decomposition at that elevation is simply too slow to keep pace with visitor volume. The Forest Service provides free human waste carry-out bags at the Mt. Adams Ranger District office. These bags are commonly called scat bags on the mountain — the term the rangers use — though wag bags (a widely used commercial brand name that has become the generic term) refers to the same portable waste containment system. I introduced this concept to a youth group on Mt. Adams to reactions I won’t reproduce here, but the lesson stuck.
Key Spanish vocabulary: hoyo de gato (cathole), residuos (waste), basura (trash / litter), llevar los residuos (pack it in, pack it out — the English phrase is widely used as-is in Spanish-language LNT materials), papel higiénico (toilet paper), bolsa de residuos portátil / scat bag / wag bag (portable waste bag — all three terms are in common use), aguas grises (gray water — dishwater and wash water that must also be disposed of properly).
4. Leave What You Find — Deje lo que encuentre
Rocks, plants, artifacts, antlers, feathers — leave them. The impulse to take a souvenir is understandable and universal; the problem is that it’s universal. A single wildflower picked by one hiker is trivial. The same flower picked by every hiker who passes that spot in a season is ecological damage. Cultural and historical artifacts carry additional legal protection — removing them is a federal offense in many jurisdictions.
Key Spanish vocabulary: artefactos culturales (cultural artifacts), flora silvestre (wild plants / wildflowers), fauna silvestre (wildlife), ecosistema (ecosystem), patrimonio cultural (cultural heritage), sitio histórico (historical site).
5. Minimize Campfire Impacts — Minimice el impacto de las fogatas
A campfire is not always appropriate. Check regulations before you build one — many wilderness areas prohibit fires above a certain elevation or during fire season, which in the Pacific Northwest now effectively runs May through October. When fires are permitted: use existing fire rings, burn only downed and dead wood small enough to burn completely to ash, and drown the fire thoroughly before sleeping or leaving. A fire that appears out can reignite for hours.
A lightweight backpacking stove is almost always a lower-impact alternative to a campfire for cooking. The campfire’s real value is warmth and morale — and both can be addressed with appropriate layering.
Key Spanish vocabulary: fogata (campfire), anillo de fuego (fire ring), madera muerta (dead wood / downed wood), temporada de incendios (fire season), restricciones de fuego (fire restrictions), extinguir completamente (to fully extinguish), hornillo de camping (backpacking stove), impacto ambiental (environmental impact).
6. Respect Wildlife — Respete la vida silvestre
Observe from a distance. Do not feed, approach, or follow wildlife. Feeding animals — even unintentionally, through unsecured food or improper waste disposal — habituates them to humans, which typically ends badly for the animal. A habituated bear is a bear that eventually has to be destroyed. Store food properly: bear canister or bear hang, always, even on one-night trips in bear country.
In Latin American wilderness areas, the wildlife encountered is often dramatically different from North American backcountry — and the vocabulary reflects that. Knowing local species names in Spanish is both a safety and cultural competency skill for bilingual outdoor educators working across borders.
Key Spanish vocabulary: vida silvestre (wildlife), especie silvestre (wild species), hábitat natural (natural habitat), conducta natural (natural behavior), animal habituado (habituated animal), contenedor antiosos (bear canister), distancia segura (safe distance), área protegida (protected area).
7. Be Considerate of Other Visitors — Sea considerado con los demás visitantes
Yield on trails — uphill hikers have right of way. Keep noise low, especially at camp. Pack animals have right of way over both hikers and cyclists. Rest and eat off the trail. Camp out of sight of other parties where possible. The goal is for every person on the trail to feel like they have the wilderness to themselves — and that only works if everyone participates.
For bilingual outdoor educators, this principle carries an additional dimension: being considerate means communicating clearly across languages. Spanish-speaking hikers in English-dominant trail environments often feel invisible or unwelcome. A trail greeting in Spanish costs nothing and changes everything.
Key Spanish vocabulary: ceder el paso (to yield the right of way), animales de carga (pack animals), nivel de ruido (noise level), privacidad (privacy), comunidad al aire libre (outdoor community), inclusión (inclusion), visitante (visitor).
For more information about Leave No Trace, visit lnt.org. For Spanish-language LNT resources, visit lnt.org/espanol.
Sin Dejar Huellas en inglés y español: Los siete principios para educadores al aire libre y senderistas bilingües
¿Busca los principios de Sin Dejar Huellas en inglés y español? Esta guía bilingüe cubre los siete principios con terminología precisa en español, notas de campo de dieciocho años liderando excursiones juveniles al aire libre, y vocabulario para educadores al aire libre bilingües y senderistas hispanohablantes.
La primera vez que mi esposa y yo le entregamos a cada uno de nuestros hijos su pequeña pala plegable y le explicamos para qué servía, eran lo suficientemente jóvenes como para que el concepto les pareciera a la vez repugnante y profundamente divertido. Armamos pequeños kits juntos en familia — pala, papel higiénico, gel desinfectante de manos y una bolsita para guardar las toallitas húmedas — y les explicamos el protocolo del hoyo de gato: quince centímetros de profundidad, sesenta metros alejado del agua, senderos o campamentos, y taparlo y disimularlo al terminar. Fue uno de los momentos más memorables de nuestros años de excursiones familiares con mochila.
Años más tarde, liderando un grupo juvenil en la ascensión al Monte Adams en el estado de Washington, me encontré con Sin Dejar Huellas llevado a su extremo lógico: por encima de cierta altitud en esa montaña, los hoyos de gato no están permitidos. Hay que usar bolsas de residuos portátiles — literalmente, llevar los desechos humanos de regreso al bajar la montaña. Cuando expliqué esto al grupo, la reacción fue la que cualquiera podría esperar de un grupo de adolescentes. Pero lo hicieron, y entendieron por qué: algunos entornos son demasiado frágiles incluso para el enterrado. La naturaleza no negocia.
1. Planifique y prepárese con anticipación
Una buena práctica de Sin Dejar Huellas comienza antes de salir al sendero. Investigar las regulaciones, conocer el terreno, comprender los patrones climáticos y viajar en grupos pequeños reduce tanto el riesgo de seguridad como el impacto ambiental. En cada excursión juvenil que lideré — ya fuera un fin de semana en las Cascadas o una salida en Puerto Rico — la planificación previa era donde comenzaba realmente la educación sobre Sin Dejar Huellas.
Vocabulario clave: planificación previa, preparación, regulaciones del área, condiciones meteorológicas, tamaño del grupo, mapa topográfico.
2. Viaje y acampe sobre superficies resistentes
Manténgase en senderos establecidos y zonas de acampada designadas. Donde no haya sendero, distribúyase sobre roca, grava, hierba seca o nieve — superficies que pueden absorber el impacto. Lo más perjudicial que puede hacer un grupo es seguirse en fila a través de vegetación frágil, creando un sendero no oficial que se erosiona en una sola temporada.
Vocabulario clave: sendero establecido, zona de acampada designada, superficie resistente, vegetación frágil, sendero no oficial, erosión, zona alpina.
3. Deseche los residuos de forma adecuada
Todo lo que lleva consigo, llévelo de vuelta. Toda la basura, los restos de comida y la microbasura — tapas de botellas, migas — salen con usted. Para los desechos humanos, el hoyo de gato es el estándar en el campo: quince centímetros de profundidad, sesenta metros alejado del agua, los senderos y el campamento. El papel higiénico o se quema completamente o se empaca en una bolsa sellada — nunca se entierra.
Vocabulario clave: hoyo de gato, residuos, basura, papel higiénico, bolsa de residuos portátil / scat bag / wag bag (los tres términos se usan comúnmente en inglés; en el Monte Adams, el Servicio Forestal de EE.UU. distribuye estas bolsas gratuitamente y las llama scat bags), aguas grises.
4. Deje lo que encuentre
Rocas, plantas, artefactos, astas, plumas — déjelos. El impulso de llevarse un recuerdo es comprensible y universal; el problema es que es universal. Una sola flor silvestre recogida por un senderista es trivial. La misma flor recogida por cada senderista que pasa por ese lugar en una temporada es un daño ecológico. Los artefactos culturales e históricos gozan de protección legal adicional.
Vocabulario clave: artefactos culturales, flora silvestre, fauna silvestre, ecosistema, patrimonio cultural, sitio histórico.
5. Minimice el impacto de las fogatas
Una fogata no siempre es apropiada. Verifique las regulaciones antes de encender una — muchas zonas de wilderness prohíben el fuego por encima de cierta altitud o durante la temporada de incendios. Cuando las fogatas están permitidas: utilice anillos de fuego existentes, queme solo madera muerta caída lo suficientemente pequeña como para arder completamente hasta convertirse en ceniza, y apague el fuego completamente antes de dormir o salir.
Vocabulario clave: fogata, anillo de fuego, madera muerta, temporada de incendios, restricciones de fuego, extinguir completamente, hornillo de camping, impacto ambiental.
6. Respete la vida silvestre
Observe desde la distancia. No alimente, se acerque ni siga a la vida silvestre. Alimentar a los animales — incluso de forma no intencional, a través de alimentos sin asegurar o una eliminación inadecuada de residuos — los habitúa a los humanos, lo que generalmente termina mal para el animal. Guarde los alimentos correctamente: contenedor antiosos o sistema de colgado, siempre.
Vocabulario clave: vida silvestre, especie silvestre, hábitat natural, conducta natural, animal habituado, contenedor antiosos, distancia segura, área protegida.
7. Sea considerado con los demás visitantes
Ceda el paso en los senderos — los senderistas que suben tienen prioridad. Mantenga los niveles de ruido bajos, especialmente en el campamento. Los animales de carga tienen prioridad sobre senderistas y ciclistas. Descanse y coma fuera del sendero. Acampe fuera de la vista de otros grupos cuando sea posible.
Para los educadores al aire libre bilingües, este principio tiene una dimensión adicional: ser considerado significa comunicarse claramente entre idiomas. Un saludo en español en un entorno de senderismo predominantemente anglófono no cuesta nada y lo cambia todo.
Vocabulario clave: ceder el paso, animales de carga, nivel de ruido, privacidad, comunidad al aire libre, inclusión, visitante.
Para más información sobre Sin Dejar Huellas / Leave No Trace, visite lnt.org/espanol.
Explore more bilingual outdoor resources on Firefly Linguistics:
- Ten Essentials for Hiking and Backpacking in English and Spanish: A Trained Linguist’s Bilingual Field Guide
- Glossary of Backpacking and Hiking Terminology in English and Spanish: 100 Essential Terms
- Glossary of Survival and Emergency Preparedness Terms in English and Spanish
- Whitewater Rafting in Latin America: A Bilingual Glossary of English and Spanish Terms
About the Author
Andrew Lillie is a trained Spanish-English linguist, certified interpreter, enrolled member of the Chickasaw Nation, and outdoor educator based in Oregon. He holds a BA from Brigham Young University and a graduate degree in translation from the University of Puerto Rico, and has lived and worked in Argentina and Puerto Rico. He spent roughly eighteen years leading youth groups on outdoor trips — in Washington State, Oregon, and Puerto Rico — including backpacking expeditions, mountain bike trips, summit climbs in the Washington Cascades, and whitewater runs on the Deschutes River.
Andrew is the founder of Firefly Linguistic Services LLC and the creator of the Spanish by Topic bilingual vocabulary platform. The terminology in this guide was compiled from professional outdoor recreation and linguistic reference sources and reviewed by Andrew Lillie.

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